Nacirema free essay sample

Body Ritual Among The Naclrema As I began to peruse Body Ritual Among The Nacirema by Horace Miner I was truly confounded. You revealed to us that the schoolwork was to compose what was the genuine significance of this perusing yet I needed to rehash the pages again and again to locate the genuine importance to the perusing that Horace Miner was discussing. It Is a culture named Nacirema and that nobody truly think a lot about this culture. And furthermore that they originate from the east. He discusses the customs they have and how they care for their odies and attempt to make It look lovely since they accept that the human body is appalling and that is the motivation behind why we rot when we pass on. He likewise discusses how the Ndclremd culture they deal with their mouths since they ere terrified that If they dont deal with their teeth they will all drop out. We will compose a custom article test on Nacirema or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At that point I understud Horace Miner was not discussing a genuine clan called Naclrema It was discussing the American coulture. One of the main things I notice was that the name Nacirema was America spelled in reverse. I additionally saw that they had a couple of things that we have now daily yet they Just call It in an unexpected way. For instance what they call a medication man and cultivator, we call a specialist and a drug specialist in light of the fact that the medication man does no do the supernatural pouon. They Just record what Is required for the mixture and that Is doctors main event. They do a cheek up on you and compose a solution for you to take to the drug store so they make it tor you your medication. They likewise state that the Naclrema individuals accept they can't live with out the elixirs, and perhaps individuals in ur society believe that they need medication for everything regardless of whether it isn't fundamental. Likewise he says that this culture utilized the mystical mixtures for a couple of times and never use it agairh And that is the thing that a great many people will in general do utilize the medicen on more than one occasion and forget about It and desire save It In the house for reasons unknown. He likewise discusses the dental specialist as blessed mouth men. I additionally think the appeal confine is the mirror the restroom since he says every day each part ot the family in progression goes into the hrine room quits before the appeal box implying that each one goes to the washroom remains before the mirror and puts their face down to wash their face. Many individuals the vast majority of the things they just and for the most part care about Is what they look like and how others would think about them so they foces a great deal on their beautly Just Ilke this individuals In the Naclrema clan. acirema By Gloria-Ines Body Ritual Among The Nacirema importance to the perusing that Horace Miner was discussing. It is a culture named odies and attempt to make it look excellent in light of the fact that they accept that the human body is Nacirema culture they deal with their mouths since they are terrified that in the event that they dont deal with their teeth they will all drop out. At that point I understud Horace Miner was not discussing a gen uine clan called Nacirema it was discussing the American however they Just call it in an unexpected way. For instance what they call a medication man and the enchanted mixture. They Just record what is required for the elixir and that is o the drug store so they make it for you your medication. They additionally state that the Nacirema individuals accept they can't live with out the elixirs, and possibly individuals in it once more. What's more, that is the thing that a great many people will in general do utilize the medicen a few times and forget about it and Just save it in the house for reasons unknown. He additionally discusses the in light of the fact that he says every day each individual from the family in progression enters the face. Many individuals the greater part of the things they just and for the most part care about is the manner by which they beautly Just like this individuals in the Nacirema clan.

Impact of Electronic Information on Individuals Society Free Essays

In this report I will talk about the effect of electronic data on people and society. I am going to discuss how the manners in which individuals get to data has changed and how new advances have had an influence in this. Right off the bat I will discuss how expanded accessibility of electronic data has changed mine and my family’s every day lives. We will compose a custom paper test on Effect of Electronic Information on Individuals Society or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now At that point I’ll consider how this has influenced the more established age, specifically, the old. From that point forward, I’ll investigate a portion of the ways associations nowadays speak with people and society, lastly I’ll talk about individuals who don't approach or don’t need to approach the web and the potential results of this. In the course of recent years the measure of data I get from paper-based data sources has diminished drastically while electronic data is turning out to be increasingly more critical to mine, and my family’s day by day lives. Regularly I get to a wide range of sorts of electronic data, for example, instant messages, web and TV. Every one of these things hugy affect me and my family. For instance, in the event that I need to meet a companion, as a matter of first importance I message them to see whether they’re at home and are not occupied, while in the no so distant past when I didn’t have a cell phone I would go to their home and see whether they were at home, which isn’t very time productive. Another case of how expanded accessibility of electronic data has changed my life is the manner in which I discover the data I need. In the no so distant past I was looking for data I need in paper-based sources, for example, books, papers and magazines. While now I generally utilize the web, and a web crawler, for example, Google for scanning for data. However, the issue with web crawlers is that you must be precise and know precisely what sort of data you need to discover, else you may not discover what you need or not actually the sort of data you need. I now and then likewise watch the TV; TV gives light amusement, instruction and data. It implies that I can be stayed up with the latest with what is happening on the planet by viewing the news, or on the other hand can be kept entertained. In the quickly maturing populace, the older are called upon to adjust to new innovation and the requests of current society. It is broadly acknowledged that senior people demonstrate low change in accordance with new advances contrasted with more youthful ages, either in light of the fact that they don't have the mechanical experience or on account of their present wellbeing status. At their push to utilize new innovations, they as a rule face numerous challenges identified with the multifaceted nature of new innovation. Other contributing elements for this low acclimation to new advancements are the absence of motivators, practical deterrents, computerized aptitudes and suitable preparing. A regularly held view is that the market isn't right now contributing enough on advancements for the senior clients, for example, far reaching and easy to understand administrations for more beneficial day to day environments. Furthermore, numerous items and administrations regularly are not suitable to the necessities of senior clients, compounding the feeling of disappointment and prompting reliance on others. The principle wellsprings of data for the old are the web, topical TV stations and magazines. In their push to assume more noteworthy liability for their own wellbeing, physical status and autonomous everyday environments, the older clients should be progressively educated using these sources. Innovation may include the utilization of most straightforward regular electrical machines (TV, kitchen, vacuum cleaner, dishwasher, and so on ) or other increasingly complex machines (ATMs, PCs, cell phones and so on. ) This broadly acknowledged utilization of new innovation by the old populace beneficially affects their personal satisfaction. An ever increasing number of associations are preparing the utilization sites to publicize themselves. At the point when an association has a site, they abruptly have a command post for the messages their clients need to impart to everybody. They can take that to the following level by fanning out and permitting their clients to join to be on an email list on their site. They would then be able to send potential clients refreshes for the most recent arrangements, blog entries, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. In spite of the fact that email is an important specialized instrument, its far reaching use in scholarly and business settings has presented some new difficulties for certain individuals. I accept each business needs to utilize innovation to increase upper hand. In today’s world, time and effectiveness are basic factors in business development, so on the off chance that you need your business to make due in this innovatively requesting century, you should utilize innovation. The kind of innovation utilized in business changes, as they don't all have similar requirements of innovation; it very well may be utilized for correspondence, producing, bundling, quality control, record continuing, bookkeeping, human asset the executives, information security, dynamic, used to improve client assistance, business advertising and advancement and the sky is the limit from there. Since it is a moderately new type of correspondence, fundamental social shows for composing and reacting to email are as yet being worked out. Miscommunication can without much of a stretch happen when individuals have various assumptions regarding the messages that they send and get. Likewise, email is utilized for some, various purposes, including reaching companions, speaking with teachers and bosses, mentioning data, and going after positions, entry level positions, and grants. Contingent upon your motivations, the messages you send will contrast in their convention, target group, and wanted result. The people who don't approach the web, don't have the foggiest idea how to utilize it, or just would prefer not to utilize it are being denied of the advantages, social chances, and efficient techniques the web gives. This further isolates certain gatherings of society. For instance, most uneducated individuals presumably don't approach the web, and in the event that they did, they would not have the option to utilize it as productively as progressively taught individuals. The web has changed the manner in which we live, cooperate with others, and approach our every day lives. Social communication no longer depends on physical area, which has numerous ramifications that sociologists are keen on examining. As a moderately new development, we still can't seem to see the full ramifications and impacts that the web has on social orders the world over. This opens up a totally new and energizing field inside humanism and it will be fascinating to see where it takes us. The most effective method to refer to Impact of Electronic Information on Individuals Society, Papers

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Michael E. Porter, Harvard Business School Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a school to attend, but the educational experience is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we focus on Michael Porter  from Harvard Business School (HBS). “Generally recognized as the father of the modern strategy field,” according to the HBS Web site, Michael E. Porter  (MBA ’71) (“Microeconomics of Competitiveness: Firms, Clusters and Economic Development”)  is director of the school’s Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness. Porter’s “Microeconomics of Competitiveness” course is offered through the institute and is open to all graduate students at Harvard, Tufts, and MIT. The course reportedly differs from most MBA offerings in that it focuses on economic development rather than management, involves longer sessions, requires more reading assignments, and concludes with a team project rather than a final exam. Porter, who received his PhD from Harvard University in 1973, has studied competition in the health care system and coauthored the book Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-Based Competition on Results (Harvard Business Review Press, 2006). Other titles by Porter include Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (Free Press, 1998), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (Free Press, 1998) and On Competition, Updated and Expanded Edition (Harvard Business School Press, 2008). In 2000, Porter received the highest recognition awarded to a Harvard faculty member when he was appointed the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor, and in 2008, the U.S. Department of Commerce granted him its first-ever Lifetime Achievement Award.   Share ThisTweet Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Professor Profiles

Democratic Governance Essay - 1276 Words

Democratic Governance Authored by Md. Alam, Walden University Overview The study of democratic governance is an effort to make a module on â€Å"Theories of Democratic Governance and Research. For this study, one of the most popular topics â€Å"Democracy† discussed and analyzed from the point of theoretical aspect, contemporary research, and application aspect. Objectives This Knowledge Area Module (KAM) looks at democratic governance. This breadth component begins by discussing the theoretical characteristic of democracy. For this study, democratic thoughts of Aristotle, Milton Friedman, Robert Dahl, and John Dewey will be used as guides; will find out the different ideas about democracy. In Breadth component, theories of democracy†¦show more content†¦d) Democracy includes all citizens those who are able to participate in the polis. This four categories democracy is based on equality between poor and rich. In his Politics book four Aristotle viewed fifth democracy which is alike with previous four types but the multitude. Finally, Aristotle presented polity- the best alternative, mixed form of oligarchy and democracy. This polity may more incline to either oligarchy or democracy. Oligarchic polity would rule by few selective individuals and democratic polity is operated by common people. Aristotle is a promoter of the latter, because it involves rule by the middle class. Dewey’s Democratic Ends Need Democratic Methods for Their Realization Democracy is a social idea to John Dewey (Cunningham, 2002). Dewey viewed people’s actions have permanent and broader effect over other people of the society. People form leaders under political democracy to regulate the actions. When leaders imposed force to achieve private gain, the public became defunct. Democracy is the combination of responsible sharing as per their ability and regulating activities among the groups. Dahl’s Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy Robert Dahl’s (1989) democracy is a combination of typical and substantive equality. He describes at least fiveShow MoreRelatedParticipation Of A Democratic System Of Governance1575 Words   |  7 Pagesbe at the Centre of decision-making processes. This is critical because in a democratic system of governance, rule by the people is the underlying and founding principle of democracy. Engagement is about making them become agents of change, helping them ascend to decision making institutions. Opportunities for youth to participate in political processes depend largely on the political and cultural context. A democratic environment can be more favorable to participation in general. For the mostRead MoreDemocratic Governance And Social Development1487 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood as processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being, social relations and social institutions, that are equitable, sustainable, and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice.† To facilitate such a change community engagement is central to democratic governance and can be a cornerstone for sustainability of the social change. Community engagement is a process which can establish lasting and permanent relationships that value a collective visionRead MoreThe Tension That Exists Between Democratic Governance And1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe tension that exists between democratic governance and constitutionalism is present since the idea of a co nstitutional democracy can be interpreted as both an oxymoron and a tautology. As explained in the scholarly piece edited by Richard Bellamy, when the term constitutional democracy is interpreted as an oxymoron a person can argue that a constitution by its very nature restrains and divides power, however, a democracy implies that the power be ultimately a unified and unconstrained exerciseRead MoreThe Relationship Between Constitutionalism and Democratic Governance2392 Words   |  10 Pagesthe sovereign power of the existence of a constitution in a state. However this essay is going to discuss the relationship between constitutionalism and democratic governance. First and foremost in order to enhance a common understanding, we must first understand the key terms in the question and that is Constitutionalism and Democratic Governance. To begin with, Constitutionalism is defined as a government conducted in accordance with and within the limits set by the fundamental law of the ConstitutionRead MoreCollaborative Governance, Citizen Participation, And Decision Making Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain a democratic government. While there are different ways of understanding what constitutes a democratic government, in public administration, democratic government can be viewed as a government that is responsive to the perspectives of its citizens and exhibit responsibility to the citizens. This can be promoted by the public institutions and public administrators (King, Feltey, Susel, 1998). They can use various processes to ensure a democratic government including collaborative governance, decisionRead MorePolitical Science And Its Influen ce On The Country s Current Situation Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept governance, good governance, and elements of good governance, condition of good governance in Bangladesh and opinion of people about good governance in Bangladesh. The paper is based on secondary information, which includes different sources like recent publications, journals, books, and research reports. Relevant literature has also collected through Internet browsing. Governance The concept of governance is not new at all. It is old as human civilization. Simply put governance whichRead MoreGood Governance and Role of Public Servant1644 Words   |  7 PagesGOOD GOVERANCE AND ROLE OF PUBLIC SERVANT Outlines: 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Good Governance 3. Characteristics of Good Governance 4. Importance of Good Governance 5. Good Governance in Pakistan 6. Public Servant and its role for Good Governance 7. Conclusion Governance is not a new concept. It is, as old as, human civilization. Governance has various forms and manifestations according to varied and diversified needs and gigantic challenges with ever changing circumstancesRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Trust957 Words   |  4 PagesMossberger†¨ (2006) notice, â€Å"citizen attitudes towards Government, including trust, are core concerns for democratic governance and public administration†(p. 354). Klijn, E.H., J. Edelenbos, B. Steijn (2010) come to the assumption, that the complicity of governmental function and expectation from the Government makes the issue of trust especially important. â€Å"Since uncertainty and complexity in governance networks is high, trust seems a promising concept to examine in such networks. Trust becomes more importantRead MoreAnalysis of Sirianni ´s Investing in Democracy891 Words   |  4 Pageshelp the country to cope with this problem. Collaborative governance will redesign the policies which will aim to empower, enlighten, and engage the citizens in the process of self-government. Sirianni has done some case studies and empirical analyses of civic engagement and collaborative governance. From the case studies he has extracted eight core principles of collaborative governance. These eight core principles of collaborative governance and policy design are as pointed below: (1) Coproduce publicRead MoreThe Role Public Administration Play in This Modern Society.636 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Dubios Fattore (2009), the goals of the field of public administration are related to the democratic values of improving equality, justice, security, efficiency, effectiveness of public services usually in a non-profit, non-taxable venue; business administration, on the other hand, is primarily concerned with taxable profit. For a field built on concepts (accountability, governance, decentralization, clientele), these concepts are often ill-defined and typologies often ignore certain

Diabetes Mellitus A Major Public Health Problem...

Diabetes Mellitus has increased in recent years due to bad eating habits and inactivity. Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Improved testing accuracy has improved which has confirmed more cases. There are two types of diabetes. In this paper I will explain the differences in both types of Diabetes and complications that are commonly associated with this disease, as well as treatment and plan of care for this disease. (American Medical Association) Type I Diabetes Mellitus formerly known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin. Type I diabetes mellitus results when pancreatic beta cells are destroyed because the beta cells of the pancreas have been damaged or destroyed by an autoimmune process. Type I diabetes mellitus is an absolute deficiency of insulin. If insulin is not given, fats are metabolized for energy, causing ketonemia acidosis. Research shows that it may be genetic. (Lippincott, Williams Wilkins, p. 286) Type II Diabetes Mellitus formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes can occur at any age. This affects 80% of overweight people. Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by impaired insulin production, inappropriate hepatic glucose production, or peripheral insulin receptor insensitivity. Although people with Type II diabetes produce insulin, their levels may be normal, low, or elevated, theyShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 Pagesand Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). Symptoms include frequent urination,Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Group Of Metabolic Diseases Characterized By Hyperglycemia Resulting From Defects1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is â€Å"a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associatedRead MoreA Study Aims Toidentify The Effectiveness Protein Management Education Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesManagingDietDiseaseInGeneral Hospital Jombang by: Hariyono ¹, Tjipto Suwandi ², AhYusuf ³  ¹Institute Of Health Science Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang  ²Faculty Of Public Health Airlangga University  ³Faculty Of Nursing Airlangga University Diabetesmellitushas been the causeof4.6milliondeaths. In addition,health expenditurefordiabetes mellitushas reached465billionUSD. Complicationsexperienced bypatients withtype 2 diabetes mellitusthatcauses the suffererto experiencedependencein regulatingdietary patternsRead MoreDiabetes And How A Person With This Condition s Experience Has Affected Her Daily Life1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn my paper, I am going to focus on Type 2 Diabetes and how a person with this condition’s experience has affected her daily life. About the Disability Cause: Experts say diabetes is partly genetic and at least partly behavioral. Obesity and lack of exercise are key risk factors for the most common form. Many people think that diabetes results from eating too many sweets, but the truth is more complex. Type 2 diabetes -- also known as adult-onset diabetes -- is characterized by â€Å"insulin resistanceRead MoreHypoglycemic Activity of Gynura Procumbens in Alloxan-Induced 1023 Words   |  5 PagesBackground of the Study Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder wherein the person has high blood glucose level either due to inadequate insulin production or the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin (Nordqvist, 2010). There are three main types of diabetes namely Type I (insulin-dependent), Type II, and gestational diabetes. All these types are characterized by hyperglycemia or high blood glucose level. A person with diabetes may experience many symptoms such as high bloodRead MoreThe Herbal And Dietary Supplement Market1501 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the words ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical’ refers to food or a constituent of the food which has been scientifically proven to provide health and therapeutic benefits such as the prevention and treatment of a disease. The term was formulated by Dr Stephen de Felice in 1989. Nutraceuticals have a role in maintaining and improving the wellbeing and health of an individual as well as regulating immunity. Con sequently preventing and treating particular diseases (Chauhan et a.l, 2013). NutraceuticalsRead MoreDiabetes Is A Major Public Health Problem Worldwide Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a major public-health problem worldwide. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double.1 The increase in incidence in developing countries follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes. Individuals with T2DM are considered on high priority as they are potential candidates for rapid evaluation to prevent and halt the progression of complications. This study presented descriptive data from a large number of subjects with diabetesRead MoreTaking a Look at Cataracts1127 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing the incidence and prevalence of this condition in Australia, India and Germany. It will also explore the treatment and prevention strategies as well as roles of two health professionals in providing these strategies. It is estimated over 285 million people worldwide are visually impaired with one of the major causes being cataract at 33% (figure 1A)(Pascolini Mariotti, 2012). Cataract is considered to be the leading cause of blindness (51%) in the world (figure 1B) (Pascolini MariottiRead MorePrevalence Of Type II Diabetes Mellitus2138 Words   |  9 Pages Prevalence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Adult of JAZAN by Demographic characteristics, BMI and Settlement type. Dr.T.Hemalatha, Dr. Rashida, Ms.Wajiha, Dr.Fahad Abstract Nowadays Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is becoming a major health problem in all over the world. If a person having prolonged group of disease with high level of blood glucose then it is Diabetes Mellitus. It will cause severe other health issues like cardiovascular diseases, disease related to vision, Kidney, blood vesselsRead MoreDiabetes Essay789 Words   |  4 Pagescancer and type 2 diabetes and promote good health (Temple 2000; Kwon et al. 2007). Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rising rapidly worldwide due to lifestyle and diet chances (Mishra et al. 2017). In North America these diseases disproportionately affect certain indigenous communities, who also have high prevalence of obesity in all age groups and in both sexes (Kwon et al. 2007). Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global public health problem, is a chronic disorder

The Stoic Tradition Essay - 1216 Words

The Stoic Tradition In the approximate year of 320 B.C., one could be walking down the street with a high probability of passing a house where several men would be gathered out on the porch. It is likely that this was a gathering of individuals discussing philosophy. The gatherings became a more common occurrence, and since they would take place out on the porches, the school of philosophy derived from them takes its name from the Greek stoa, or porch. The ideology of that movement is henceforth known as Stoicism. Also, the Stoics have come to use the statement made by Socrates as the cornerstone of their judgments, being that no harm can come to a good man. However, this concept is taken a bit further by the Stoics, as they†¦show more content†¦This is also the place where Socrates and Plato are heard in the endeavor towards human excellence by means of focusing on the actions of the self as opposed to the actions of others, which cannot be controlled. Marcus Aurelius wrote that one is to let no action be done at random, or in any other way than in accordance with the principle which perfects the art, (Aurelius 518). This statement reinforces the notion of following a trajectory. By performing actions with the intention of becoming a better human being, one is following the personal trajectory towards human excellence. This intention in every action undertaken does not make it random, and keeping on course towards self-improvement causes the action in particular to be one which perfects the art. The action becomes an action of being in accordance with the principles of nature, and thus reinforces the venture towards human excellence perpetually. So in acting to improve, one is improving the actions that help to improve in a self-propagating cycle. Furthermore, following nature is remaining in a state of calm and peaceful apathy in response to the stressing events of life. Epictetus writes, Remember that you ought to behave in life as you would at a banquet. As something is being passed around it comes to you; stretch out your hand and take a portion of it politely. It passes on; do not detain it. Or it has not come to you yet; do not project your desire to meet it, but waitShow MoreRelatedNatural Law : The Human Conception Of Justice Or Moral Right1181 Words   |  5 Pagesobligation (Boucher, 2009, P.12). The differing perceptions of natural law explored here will focus on Sophocles, Aristotle, Stoics, Cicero, Augustine and Aquinas. There will also be brief reference to the overlaps between natural law and natural rights traditions, to show that obligations do not always take priority over rights. Primarily across the natural law tradition, obligations take priority over rights however this becomes less certain with the overlaps between natural law and natural rightsRead MoreThe Big Three , Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle1035 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophical tr adition was immensely rich beyond these three figures, with many other strains of philosophical thought emerging and withering throughout Ancient Greek history. One notable example of such a strain is the Stoics, a breed of philosophical thinking which was so strongly in favour of controlling one’s emotions, that the English adjective ‘stoical’ itself is derived from ‘stoa’, the painted portico from which Zeno of Citium gave lectures. To understand why the Stoics had such a negativeRead MoreThe Battle Of The Roman Empire By Caesar s Commentarii De Bello Gallico Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Colonial Formation of British Social Anthropology†; and C. Kraus, Bellum Gallcium, attests to the pedagogical function of such work. Therefore, I contend the Bellum Gallicum, presents as a didactic text―in regards to Caesar, who propels the Stoic theory of cultural maturation, informed by the pseudo-scientific principles of earlier philosophers, namely, Posidonius and Seneca the Younger. In addition, Caesar exploits the primal nature of Roman subjects to further both his and Rome s agendaRead MoreMartins Argument On Homosexuality1526 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the stoic school of thought. Some Greek stoics felt that sexual desire was an emotion that should be moderated, restrained, and suppressed. Metaphorically, sexual passion was an adversary that should be â€Å"tamed† by the ideal man. The m otivation for such modesty had almost nothing to do with a respect for marriage, fidelity, or religious morality. Instead, stoics felt that it was in a man’s best interest to suppress desires for the sake of self-control. Even within marriage, some stoics maintainedRead MoreThe Broken Spears: the Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico1413 Words   |  6 Pageshaving their towns overtaken, while other texts simply explain what was happening at the time. In Traditions and Encounters, a more factual approach is taken, conveying only facts. The Broken Spears includes facts, yet also includes the vivid emotions of the people. The Spanish Conquest introduced the indigenous people not only to the Spaniards, but also to a vast array of European diseases. Traditions and Encounters describes the smallpox epidemic as â€Å"rag[ing] through the city, killing inhabitantsRead MoreLife Of The Dead By Marcus Cicero Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesevery roman citizen had the right to a respectful funeral despite their social standing. Roman funerary practices included two different types of religious rituals, either burial or cremation, both of which were considered apart of ancient roman tradition. Roman cemeteries were located outside of the â€Å"Pomerium†, a sacred open space located inside the walls surrounding the Esquiline Hill, Palatine Hill, Capitoline Hill and Quirinal Hill in the early ancient city. As it was illegal to bury the deceasedRead MoreAll Great Minds Think Alike...Sometimes Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmoved to Athens in 306 B.C.E. and taught in his famous garden, The Garden of Epicu rus, until he died (Great Traditions in Ethics, 35). Epicurus lived a life of frugality and simplicity. Epicurus ethical theory cultivates from his belief that â€Å"nothing is created out of nothing† and hence he argues â€Å"†¦that only natural causes operate in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (39). Epictetus, on the other hand, was a firm stoic and hence practiced stoicism in his ethical theory and believed â€Å"hedonism is a false doctrine† (56). EpictetusRead More Roman and Greek Philosophys Influence on Todays Western Culture780 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant philosophy in Rome was Stoicism, which originated in Hellenistic Greece. The contents of the philosophy were easily persuaded to the Roman worldview, especially to repeat what the Romans considered their crowning achievement. The centrepiece of Stoic philosophy was the concept of the logos. The universe is ordered by God and this order is the logos, which means ?meaning of the universe?. Rome at its beginnin g was basically agricultural and martial culture. As a result, the earliest Romans stressedRead MoreCritical Thinking By Kwame Appiah1169 Words   |  5 PagesCynics of Ancient Greece during the 4th century. The word Cosmopolitanism was used to reflect the distaste of custom and tradition the Cynics held and their rejection of sectional communities. Consequently, the Stoics of Ancient Rome also utilized the concept of cosmopolitanism in an effort of separation that turned into a movement of unification. Appiah (2006) relays that the Stoic emperor, Marcus Aurelius, tried to contain the emerging Christiana but ended up attracting them with his book, MeditationsRead MoreImportance Of Cosmopolitanism1177 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the early Cynics of Ancient Greece during the 4th century. The word was used to reflect the distaste of custom and tradition the Cynics held and their rejection of sectional communities. Consequently, the Stoics of Ancient Rome utilized the concept of cosmopo litanism as well in an effort of separation that turned into a movement of unification. Appiah (2006) relays that the Stoic emperor, Marcus Aurelius, tried to contain the emerging Christians, he ended up attracting them with his book, Meditations

Anti Dress Code Essay Example For Students

Anti Dress Code Essay School is in the business of learning. School is the place where the next lawyers, bankers, CPAs and Doctors are given the fundamentals of working in this economy. One of the basics of our culture in the working world is conservative dressing, dress code, or even uniforms. What is wrong with sending our kids the message that they are in the business of learning by enforcing dress codes? School is also the place where the next actors, writers, artists, politicians, inventors, designers and musicians are trained. School uniforms send a clear early-life message to students that conformity is important and creativity is not, that authority is allowed to abuse its power and constrain our constitutional right to free speech and expression. Students learn from uniforms that their individuality, political opinions and religious rights are unimportant, as is their education: students are regularly suspended for non compliance to the uniform code even if their school work is excellent. If uniform-requiring schools were actually in the business of learning this would not occur. Many proponents say that school uniforms help to reduce the amount of violent out bursts of gang members in schools. To them I say why dont we get rid of the gang members. Why dont we simply place these gang members that are so prevalent into a more suitable learning environment, like boot camp. If you go out and look there is little research done to prove that school violence is reduced. The only statistic on school uniforms comes from school principals and liaison officers. People often say that kid that wear baggy clothes are hiding drugs and weapons. This cannot possibly be true; if I were to carry a weapon or drugs into school I could do the same thing in a tighter pair of jeans or stick them in my bookbag. Schools need to perhaps invest in something like a medal detector or a drug dog. NOT implement school uniforms. People say that school uniforms make it easier to identify people at schools that dont belong there. Think about this situation, you are at school and suddenly there is an earthquake tornado or some other natural disaster. Sadly most of the students are killed, later the parents are called in to help identify some of the remains. How are these parents going to figure out if this corpse is their child? Hmmm maybe by what they saw their child walk out of the house in that morning, so uniforms actually could cause a problem instead of help fix them. School uniforms are also quite the biggest waste of money. Think about it for a second, if you go out later at night with your friends are you really going to wear your uniform? No most likely not, uniforms have only one place that you can wear them to and that is school. So if I have these couple of outfits hanging up in my closet that I can only wear to one place, I have basically just wasted all the money that I used to spend on these outfits. Finally school uniforms violate MY personal freedom of expression that was granted to me by the US constitution. I challenge any president to go out and try to revoke one of my constitutionally granted rights. No court in the US would allow him to take away my rights. So if someone tells you that that school dress codes prepare you for the future tell them NO. They actually cramp my style and violate my freedom of expression as stated in the US constitution. .

Swift Company Essay Example

Swift Company Paper No Cloth used to make drapes. 4. Production superintendents salary. 5. Wages of laborers assembling a product. 6. Depreciation of air purification equipment used to make furniture. Janitorial salaries. 8. Peaches used in canning fruit. 9. Lubricants for production equipment. 10. Sugar used in soft-drink production. I I Property taxes on the factory. 12. Wages of workers painting a product. 13. Depreciation on cafeteria equipment. 14. Insurance on a building used in producing helicopters. 15, Cost of rotor blades used in producing helicopters. Worksheet Learning Objective: 01-06 Understand the differences between variable costs and fixed costs. Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 01-07 understand the differences between direct and indirect costs. Http://est.. McLeod. McGraw-hill. Com/hem_accounting. tap Page 2 of 6 Swift Company was organized on March 1 of the current year. After five months Of Start-up losses, management had expected to earn a profit during August. Management was disappointed, however, when the income statement for August also showed a loss. We will write a custom essay sample on Swift Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Swift Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Swift Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Biography of Christopher Columbus

Biography of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was a Genoese navigator and explorer. In the late 15th century, Columbus believed that it would be possible to reach the lucrative markets of eastern Asia by heading west, instead of the traditional route which went east around Africa. He convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain to support him, and he set off in August of 1492. The rest is history: Columbus discovered the Americas, which had been unknown until then. All in all, Columbus made four different journeys to the New World. Early Life Columbus was born to a middle-class family of weavers in Genoa (now part of Italy) which was a city well-known for explorers. He rarely spoke of his parents. It is believed that he was ashamed to have come from such a mundane background. He left a sister and a brother behind in Italy. His other brothers, Bartholomew and Diego, would accompany him on most of his travels. As a young man he traveled extensively, visiting Africa and the Mediterranean and learning how to sail and navigate. Appearance and Personal Habits Columbus was tall and lean, and had red hair which turned prematurely white. He had a fair complexion and a somewhat reddish face, with blue eyes and a hawkish nose. He spoke Spanish fluently but with an accent which was difficult for people to place. In his personal habits he was extremely religious and somewhat prudish. He rarely swore, attended mass regularly, and often devoted his Sundays entirely to prayer. Later in life, his religiosity would increase. He took to wearing the simple robe of a barefoot friar around court. He was a fervent millenarist, believing that the end of the world was near. Personal Life Columbus married a Portuguese woman, Felipa Moniz Perestrelo, in 1477. She came from a semi-noble family with useful maritime connections. She died giving birth to a son, Diego, in 1479 or 1480. In 1485, while in Cà ³rdoba, he met young Beatriz Enrà ­quez de Trasierra, and they lived together for a time. She bore him an illegitimate son, Fernando. Columbus made many friends during his travels and he corresponded with them frequently. His friends included dukes and other noblemen as well as powerful Italian merchants. These friendships would prove useful during his frequent hardships and bouts of bad luck. A Journey West Columbus may have conceived of the idea of sailing west to reach Asia as early as 1481 due to his correspondence with an Italian scholar, Paolo del Pozzo Toscaneli, who convinced him it was possible. In 1484, Columbus made a pitch to King Joo of Portugal, who turned him down. Columbus proceeded to Spain, where he first proposed such a trip in January of 1486. Ferdinand and Isabella were intrigued, but they were occupied with the reconquest of Granada. They told Columbus to wait. In 1492, Columbus had just about given up (in fact, he was on his way to see the King of France) when they decided to sponsor his trip. First Voyage Columbus’ first voyage began on August 3, 1492. He had been given three ships: the Nià ±a, the Pinta and the flagship Santa Maria. They headed west and on October 12, sailor Rodrigo de Triana spotted land. They first landed on an island Columbus named San Salvador: there is some debate today as to which Caribbean island it was. Columbus and his ships visited several other islands including Cuba and Hispaniola. On December 25, the Santa Maria ran aground and they were forced to abandon her. Thirty-nine men were left behind at the settlement of La Navidad. Columbus returned to Spain in March of 1493. Second Voyage Although in many ways the first voyage was a failure–Columbus lost his biggest ship and did not find the promised route west–the Spanish monarchs were intrigued with his discoveries. They financed a second voyage, whose purpose was to establish a permanent colony. 17 ships and over 1,000 men set sail in October, 1493. When they returned to La Navidad, they discovered that everyone had been killed by irate natives. They founded the city of Santo Domingo with Columbus in charge, but he was forced to return to Spain in March of 1496 to obtain supplies to keep the starving colony alive. Third Voyage Columbus returned to the New World in May of 1498. He sent half of his fleet to resupply Santo Domingo and set off to explore, eventually reaching the north-eastern part of South America. He returned to Hispaniola and resumed his duties as governor, but the people despised him. He and his brothers were bad administrators and kept much of the little wealth generated by the colony for themselves. When the crisis reached a peak, Columbus sent to Spain for help. The crown sent Francisco de Bobadilla as governor: he soon identified Columbus as the problem and sent him and his brothers back to Spain in chains in 1500. Fourth Voyage Already in his fifties, Columbus felt he had one more trip in him. He convinced the Spanish crown to finance one more journey of discovery. Although Columbus had proven a poor governor, there was no doubting his sailing and discovery skills. He left in May of 1502 and arrived to Hispaniola just ahead of a major hurricane. He sent a warning to the 28-ship fleet about to depart for Spain to delay but they ignored him, and 24 of the ships were lost. Columbus explored more of the Caribbean and part of Central America before his ships rotted. He spent a year on Jamaica before being rescued. He returned to Spain in 1504. Legacy of Christopher Columbus Columbus’ legacy can be difficult to sort out. For many years, he was thought to have been the man who â€Å"discovered† America. Modern historians believe that the first Europeans to the New World were Nordic and arrived several hundred years before Columbus to the northern shores of North America. Also, many Native Americans from Alaska to Chile dispute the notion that the Americas needed to be â€Å"discovered† in the first place, as the two continents were home to millions of people and countless cultures in 1492. Columbus’ accomplishments should be considered in conjunction with his failures. The â€Å"discovery† of America would certainly have taken place within 50 years of 1492 had Columbus not ventured west when he did. Advances in navigation and ship construction made contact between the hemispheres inevitable. Columbus’ motives were mostly monetary, with religion a close second. When he failed to find gold or a lucrative trade route, he began collecting slaves: he believed that a trans-Atlantic slave trade would be quite lucrative. Fortunately, the Spanish monarchs outlawed this, but still, many Native American groups correctly remember Columbus as the New World’s first slaver. Columbus’ ventures were often failures. He lost the Santa Marà ­a on his first voyage, his first colony was massacred, he was a terrible governor, he was arrested by his own colonists, and on his fourth and last voyage he managed to strand some 200 men on Jamaica for a year. Perhaps his greatest failure was his inability to see what was right before him: the New World. Columbus never accepted that he had not found Asia, even when the rest of Europe was convinced that the Americas were something previously unknown. Columbus’ legacy was once very bright–he was considered for sainthood at one time–but now he is remembered as much for the bad as the good. Many places still bear his name and Columbus Day is still celebrated, but he is once again a man and not a legend. Sources: Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York: Random House, 2005.

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Assignment

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods - Assignment Example The dissertation will use varied ways of collecting data from a structured perspective under quantitative methodology. This may include the use of questionnaires, psychometric tests, experiments, interviews, sampling, and observations. Questionnaires and interviews: These data collection methods are effective because they enable the researcher to gather adequate information and measure the views or opinions of many respondents. Therefore, it has a limited effect on its reliability and validity since the researcher can pack the enriched explanations and it can untangle complex research problems. Experiments: This method is effective because it will enable the researcher to produce causality statements by using controlled experiments. It is reliable and sound effects because the researcher replicates dependent information. He or she is able to control the experiments; thus offering unambiguous answers to the research question. Sample survey: This method is vital because the researcher will employ design method that will enable him or her to cover a wider area within the controlled population. It is reliable and sound effects because it saves time and narrows the research design. Observations: This data collection method is significant because it provides first-hand information, which is not biased. It is reliable and genuine because the data collected is original and is not subjected to any changes since the observer directly collects it. The dissertation will use qualitative research methods in order to inquire and understand the social or human problem from diverse perspectives, and the research study is carried out in the established settings. It also entails construction of a multifaceted and holistic image of the interesting phenomenon.

A Winning Political Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Winning Political Strategy - Essay Example A Winning Political Strategy The Progressive Socialists (PS) is the main party that will ultimately win the elections but it can only win the elections through a coalition with the Conservatives of Urbania (CU). The Progressive Socialists (PS) Party’s ideology is on reformed communism whereas the ideology for the Conservatives of Urbania (CU) is conservative. These two ideologies when brought together and blended well will automatically win the elections with a landslide. Information states that the votes swing to the left meaning that the Progressive Socialists Party is in a better position to form a coalition with the Conservatives of Urbania Party (Barbara and Robert 19). The Progressive Socialists have an exceptionally strong winning point on the ideal tax rate, which is to keep the tax rates as low as possible as compared to the other parties. This is a strong campaign point since the majority of the Urbanians will be able to enjoy extra savings after taxation. This is ideal for the economy since it will spur growth and individual investments will increase. Naturally, people are attracted to parties that will ensure that they will tax them minimal tax, which is an advantage to the Progressive Socialists Party. The ideological type of the Progressive Socialists Party also is particularly strong considering the concept that they have in regard to being reformed communist. (Palombara and Weiner 7). Currently in the world, there is a humungous concept that capitalism is not working. This is evident from the recent recession that happened just recently and currently what is happening in Europe. Europe is experiencing the Euro Crisis due to the capitalist ’s ideology and therefore the reformed communist ideology is decidedly much ideal. The Conservatives of Urbania (CU) Party ideology is on conservative. This means that a combination of both ideologies, which are, reformed communist and conservative will be a strong alliance when both parties merge for a coalition. The origin of political parties and the circumstances under which parties first arise is paramount. This means that in a developing political system, the party’s initial tone and configuration have a significant effect on the kind of parties that subsequently emerge (Palombara and Weiner 7). This coalition will be an externally created party meaning that the parties will merge outside the legislature and invariably involve some challenges to the ruling group and a demand for representation. The stakes are too high for both parties to have the majority votes, which in turn, will lead to majority representation. A ruling coalition requires a majority representa tion in order to ensure that the ruling governments’ agendas are pushed forward for effect legislation. This will also ensure that the opposition does not sabotage the ruling party’s operations (Palombara and Weiner 10). The purpose of the coalition between the Progressive Socialists (PS) Party and the Conservatives of Urbania (CU) Party would be to build grassroots organizations that would ensure a win. Since both parties ideologies can be harmonized together, both parties will have a common vision during the campaigns. This will ensure that the coalition parties exist with the organization and structure leading to a visionary direction and leadership. The key strategy here is to ensure that the partners have a feeling of them being partners rather than feeling part of the campaign (Palombara and We

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan Abstract The research pursues an eminent theme of human resource management, the costs and benefits of human resource activities in an organization. Importance of the HR-activities in an organization can not be under estimated, as the HR-activities directly or indirectly influence the performance of the organization. The following research will study the costs and benefits of HR-activities and its long-term and short-term influence on the performance of Nestlà ©, Pakistan. The study will be useful in those organizations which prospect an increment in the performance related to the HR-activities. The study will also identify if which activities are beneficial and less cost incurring for the organization, and how managers can make the investment decisions regarding the HR-activities. The positivism along with qualitative method of research have been adopted for the study, data will be collected from primary and as well as secondary resources. Research will be pursuing the objectives of the stu dy and will contribute to the vast subject of human resource management, namely the Human resource activities, the costs and benefits associated and its influence on the performance and management decisions. 1. Introduction: 1.1. Nestlà ©: The Case under Discussion Nestlà © headquartered in Switzerland, is a multinational organization carting the human needs and having its substantial presence in more than 86 larger countries of the world. Nestlà © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988. With market capitalisation increasing yearly at average rate of 28% till 2008, Nestlà © Pakistan having great diversity of workforce, employed 2377 people in 2008, with a net profit of 3005 (PKR) billion, which grew by 94% in 2009, Nestle shared 20.7 % of its profit to its employees in 2009. Nestlà © Pakistan has designed a number of programs to develop the human resources activities e-g world-wide training programs, benefit and compensation programs, adoption of new technologies etc. The following research will look into the costs and benefit of HR-activities of Nestlà © Pakistan, how these activities are conducted, invested and developed to achieve the objectives of the HR-unit and organization as a whole. 1.2. Background Good people produce good customers; is the philosophy of modern era. Efficient and effective human resources are vital for the successful organizations. An organization is said to be exultant if its human resources activities enhance its performance. It is very difficult task to manage the human resources in competitive and challenging environment. Organizations should consider specific proportion of the profit for investment in Human Resources to achieve high returns. Human resource activities mean the actions performed within all functions of the human resource management. Usually Human Resource activities include Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, and Human Resources Information Systems. The reason of the following research is to study the costs and benefits of the HR-activities of Nestlà ©, Pakistan, to know that how Nestlà © develop and use its HR-activities to run its business successfully. What value the HR-activities are adding towards the Nestlà ©. 1.3. Rationale HR activities play key role in the development of organizational performance. So investment in Human Resource activities is an important decision to achieve the various objectives of the organization. However, investing without setting the clear objectives can prove to be disastrous for the business. Cost-benefit analysis should be kept in consideration before making the investment plan for HR-activates. Nestlà © has strived to achieve the best results through the strong strategies related to the investment in HR-activities. The intention to conduct this research is to explore the issues related to the costs and benefit of HR-activities at Nestlà ©, how Nestlà © develop its cost-benefit analysis, how it makes its HR related decisions and to what extent these decision are successful. Nestlà © has to evaluate the cost and benefit of an activity before investing in it, e-g should Nestle invest in training of existing employees or recruit new people with the required skills. To know whether to invest in the training program or in the recruitment program, organization must project the costs and possible benefits of the both HR-activities, and then take the relative decision. The research will probe that how Nestlà © decides about the human resource activities, how it considers the costs, benefits, and how it decides that whether the activity will be outsourced or will be performed within the organization. The research will be helpful to the small and large organizations working in the same industry. It may help managers about how to decide about investing the different HR-activities and what could be the possible choices and ways they can perform these activities, and which activities can be beneficial and less cost incurring. The research has been divided into five sections, after covering the detailed introduction, the next section will discuss the preliminary review of the literature, and the third section of the research will cover the methods. Fourth section of the research will consist of the interpretations and findings and fifth section of the research will comprise of the discussion, limitations and recommendations. 1.4. Research Question The research will focus on the costs and benefits of the human resource activities at Nestlà ©, Pakistan. Hence the research question is, Why to invest in the HR-activities, the costs and benefits of HR-activities at Nestlà © Pakistan. 1.5. Aims and Objectives Besides pursuing the research problem, the research will pursue the following aims and objectives: To elaborate that which human resource activities are being conducted at Nestlà ©. How these activities affect the overall performance of Nestlà ©. To investigate that how Nestlà © make investment decisions about different HR-activities To explore that how much human resources costs to Nestlà © and how much return the it is getting back from these activities in both monitory and non monitory terms, and which are the activities giving higher return and incurring lower costs at Nestlà © To describe that how Nestlà © , Pakistan is deciding about the HR-activity, whether it is out sourcing the activities or performing it within the organization To discuss the issues related to human resources at Nestlà © To achieve the following objectives, firstly research will study the organization (Nestlà ©) thoroughly, its HR Unit, and HR-activities will be studied deeply, and related data will be gathered from available resources to achieve research objectives. 2. Preliminary Review of the Literature Human resources are the part and parcel of the management from the day of commencement of the idea of a business; According to Guest (1997) human resources are required to carry the business activities of the organization. In the past, HRM was known as the personnel management. However, with the advent of humanistic movement the concept of personnel management was broadened and it covered many other aspects which were not included previously in the subject. It was the time when HRM was realized as a vital part of the business to sustain. It was the time when researches on recruitment, wages, leave and leisure were revised, Employees and employers relations were redefined and concepts of monetary benefits for the workers were introduced with social benefits. Today human resources are considered the most important asset of an organization and the philosophy of having good human resources is vital to ensure the good customers and better performance of the organization. 2.1. HR Activities: Human resource activities are the functions and actions performed with in the business by the people of the organization. Armstrong (2006) conducted a study; the purpose of the study was to analyse the importance of the activity and suggest the HR-managers to evaluate the benefit of the HR-activity under consideration. Human resources in any organization have to perform some stereo type functions like Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, employees planning, selection, interviews, placement, transfers, development and Human Resources Information Systems etc., and a crucial practice is to calculate the benefit of each single activity, because every organization incurs a cost on each HR-activity. The justification of the existence of the activity must be provided. In the broader perspective it is one of the basic jobs of HR department in the recent era of high competition to justify the existence of a particular activity to interpret the costs incurred and benefits gained out of the activity. Study concluded that without calculating the benefit for a HR-activity, organization may invest or incur cost on a wasteful activity and benefit out of that activity may be less than the cost incurred. Managers should first conduct the cost-benefit of the activity; this way organization minimizes the wastes. 2.2. Why to invest in HR-activities? There might be an argument as to why invest in HR-activities, which activities to be invested in and why? Amit and Shoemaker (1936) conducted a study according to which, human resources becomes the invisible tools to promote the organization and develops the core competencies. According to Becker et al. (2001), the purpose of the study was to know that how investments in HR-functions create value through out the organization. It directs the managers to project that which activity should be invested and why. Managers should clarify their goals before embarking on costing a project to ensure that the return over the investment exceed the cost. The more worthwhile activity according to the authors is to calculate the cost-per-hire or to determine the most effective way to increase employee competencies (training) in a certain area; HR-score card can also help managers to identify the most salient HR achievable(s) and deliverables. These elements should be primary focus of cost-benefit analysis of the HR-activities; strategic importance, financial significance, widespread impact, links to a business element of considerable variability, focus on a key issue, problem, or decision facing line managers. Study concluded that the HR-activities influence the over all performance of the organization, so when investing in these activities managers should keep in view that how a particular activity will be beneficial for the organizational performance and for its long term and short term objectives. According to Arthur (1994), the role of HR-activities for the organization is very crucial. This causality may or may not be calculated in term of money only. The monetary or non-monetary aspect of the correct selection of the activity could lead towards the corresponding performance of the selected activity and the benefit towards the organizational goals. For example, the training cost incurred on an employee can be seen as expenditure but when these employees help the organization to have a competitive advantage, it is not calculable in terms of money only, but it will enhance the performance of the organization may be in terms of higher quality of the product, higher productivity, lower absenteeism, lower turn over or greater satisfaction from the job. So the research concluded that it is necessary to invest into the HR-activities. However; According to Barney (1986), organizations that compare the costs and benefits of these HR activities, Should keep into consideration that the benefits out of the HR-activities will be received into the future. 2.3. Cost-benefits of HR practices: All HR practices involve a substantial level of costing but there is a resultant benefit out of the activities for the organization. The realization of the cost of the whole process or any of the practice therefore may easily be identified but the benefits of the whole process and its parts, are not identifiable just in terms of money but there can be some non-monetary benefits as well, (Becker and Gerhart, 1996). Boudreau (1990) conducted a research; the purpose of the research was to apply the cost-benefit analysis to HRM decisions. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique through which the decisions regarding the human resources activities can be made. The cost and benefit analysis consist of the relevant cost of the activity and the benefit out of it, which assist in decision making. It is widely used to make consistent, organized and accurate decisions. Although most of the decision making techniques focus on dollar value but the cost-benefit analysis can be used to improve the decisions and can make usage of the information more effective. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis is a simple method that assists to recognize the positive and as well as the negative outcomes of the decision choices to improve the quality, efficiency and communicability of the decision. The research concluded that the cost-benefit analysis can be used; to justify the expenditure on HR-activities and programs, it can he lp in improving the quality of the human resources, it can help in decision making regarding the investment in alternative HR-activities (such as training versus selection, or two different compensation systems), it can help in managing the uncertainty and reduces the risk of failure, and it can help in determining that when to invest in human resources and to forecast the outcomes. Further the research concluded that the cost-benefit models are compatible with financial analysis, but they are different from human resource accounting, because it focuses on HR-decisions. According to Rauschenberger and Schmidt (2005), methods that allow estimating the dollar impact of human resource programs are now available to Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other human resource professionals. These Dollar estimates have been established for numerous recruitment, selection and training programs. But even then the large part of the work has gone unobserved by typical business communities. The human resource professionals and Industrial-Organizational psychologists are unable to communicate their research findings in a clear and credible way to organizational decision makers. The research concluded that Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other technical human resource professionals should place more emphasis on adequately communicating cost-benefit estimates to managers and other organizational decision makers, to improve the decision making regarding the HR-activities. Cost-Benefit Analysis can also help in knowing that whether it would be beneficial for an organization the in-house production of its HR-activities or not and what will be the cost-benefit of outsourcing it. Brown and Wilson (2005) have defined the outsourcing as the act of obtaining services from an external source, while elaborating information technology (IT) outsourcing Kern and Willcocks (2000) state that outsourcing is the practice of contracting out or selling the organizations IT assets, people and/or activities to a third party supplier for monetary payments over an agreed time period. Patry et al., (1999) conducted a study in Canada to develop and estimate a descriptive model of Human resource outsourcing. Six HR-activities were taken into consideration: Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, and Human Resources Information Systems. As per the question that what will determine that whether the organization should outsource the HR-activities are not, the field of the organizational analysis, strategy formulation methods and transaction-cost theory were used. The results of the study indicated that the factors of the outsourcing the HR-activities are specific to each type of activity. Prior experience of the organization with outsourcing the other activities, business stability/instability, and the existing union have a powerful influence over the decision that which activity will be out sourced and which will not be out-sourced. However cost-benefit analysis can also be used to compare the costs of performing the HR-activities in-house or outsou rce it, and benefits against the both can be compared to improve the decision. The previous research has identified many HR-activities but the following research will only discuss the major HR-activities; Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Human Resources Information Systems and the costs-benefits of the following HR-activities at Nestlà ©, Pakistan, in order to achieve the prescribed objectives of the following research. 3. Methodology It is very significant to plan which data will be useful and how it will be collected to achieve research objectives. The data in the following research follows case study on human Resources. Mostly this research covers qualitative method and will include quantitative, if needed in future to obtain research objective. 3.1. Data Collection Methods The following sources are used to collect the data, in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Primary Research Secondary Research 3.1.1 Primary Research Primary data will be collected to gather information about the HR-activities and to conduct cost and benefit analysis. The research will assemble the results by the study of Nestlà ©s website and case studies of Nestlà © Pakistan and will conduct interviews with peoples working in different sections of Nestlà ©, by online communication, phone calls, emails, instant massaging. 3.1.2 Secondary Research Secondary research will help the researcher to obtain the data which will covers different aspects of the research topics. Following sources will be used to collect the data; online HR journals and articles, newspapers, books, publications of Nestlà ©, magazines, financial statements, business news letters, articles, annual reports and records. 3.2. Instruments The following Instrument will used in the study: 3.2.1. Interviews The research will use online interviews to collect the required data. Following questionnaire will be used to collect latest and effective information about the subject area. What are the Human Resource activities being conducted at the Nestlà ©? What Role the HR- activities play at Nestlà © and generally why these activities are important in any organization? What are, the investment decisions regarding the HR-activities and how they are made? How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at Nestlà ©? What is monetary performance of the organization regarding the HR-activities? Which activities are the value additives and less cost incurring? What are the non-monetary benefits of the HR-activities? Can these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why? What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities? Does Nestlà © need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally? What are the various possible alternatives of the current HR-activities at Nestlà ©? Does Nestlà © consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities? What is Nestlà ©s philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings? What are other issues related to the HR activities? How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at Nestlà ©, Pakistan? Does Nestlà © consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related to HR-activities? What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at Nestlà ©? How these constraints are handled? 3.2.1.1. Interviews framework The interviews have been scheduled as follows, to complete the primary research and to collect maximum information possible related to the following research. Table: 3.1. Interview Framework No. Interview Date Interview Time Interviewee Name Designation of Interviewee 1 22,September,2010 12:00 pm Raymond Franke Chief Financial Officer 2 24,September,2010 3:00 pm Uzma Qaiser Butt Head of Human Resources 3 25,September,2010 3:00 pm Ali Sadozai Head of Legal Affairs No. Interviewee Name Responsibilities Discussion Topics 1 Raymond Franke Manages the finance department, facilitate the investment decisions, sets the profit goals, financial goals, finance the business operations etc. Investment decisions regarding the HR-activities; how they are made? How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at Nestlà ©? Monetary performance regarding the HR-activities Value additives and less cost incurring activities 2 Uzma Qaiser Butt Head of Human resource department handles all the issues related to the human resources, plan, career development, organizational development, people development, compensation and benefit programs and all HR-functions are handled under her supervision. What are the Human Resource activities? Role of HR- activities at Nestle Non-monetary benefits of the HR-activities Can these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why how? What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities? Does Nestlà © need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally? What are the various possible alternatives of the current HR-activities at Nestlà ©? What is Nestlà ©s philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings? 3 Ali Sadozai Looks after and handles all the legal affairs of the company, related to all departments including finance, HR and marketing. Does Nestlà © consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities? What are other issues related to the HR activities? How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at Nestlà ©, Pakistan? Does Nestlà © consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related to HR-activities? What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at Nestlà ©? How these constraints are handled? 3.2.2. Other instruments Required data will also be collected from: Calculated costs and benefits from HR-score cards (last 5 years) ROI(s) Financial statements (2005-2010) Published Business news letters Articles Annual reports and records 3.3. Sample of the study As the research is about the case of Nestlà ©, related to the costs and benefits of its HR-activities, hence the sample of the study is Nestlà © Pakistan. 3.4. Techniques of the Analysis Due to the most up-to-date information primary research data is considered more reliable and significant. To check the validity of the data, contents of the data will be checked through face- validity technique which involves an expert opinion and the expert opinion will be taken from Nestlà ©s Head of Legal Affairs; Mr. Ali Sadozai, after taking the notes from the interview. 3.5. Strengths of the Methodology The strength of the research methodology depends upon the relevance with the topic and objectives of the study. The following methodology provides all the relevance provided; the requisite data is retrieved from the quarter concern. As the data is to be gathered from the internal sources of the organization, it is therefore supposed that management and the staff will facilitate with the required data, the best results may be achieved, as the source of the data is quite reliable. 3.6. Ethical Considerations As the research focuses on role of HRM in multinational, no ethical issues is involved in the study apparently, however, if during the course of the study any ethical issue arises, then it will be dealt in accordance with the best practices available. 3.7. Project plan The research has been planned as follows, and will be completed with the given objectives and concerns. The time schedule will be strictly followed, in order to conduct the research successfully. S. # Month( Days) Task 1. August 25-30 Introduction 2. September 01-15 Literature review 3. September 21-29 Methodology 4. October 01 -15 Data collection, Analysis 5. October 18 -28 Conclusion and Finalizing 6. November 01-15 Proof reading 4. Analysis Data collected through primary research is usually considered as important because of the high reliable source of the data, besides it also provides up-to-dated information. So secondary data will be used to support the research objectives and primary data will be collected to deeply analyse the issues. The following research will cover the in depth analysis of the issues raised into the research, using primary and secondary sources of data to fulfil the various objectives of the research effectively. 5. Conclusion The following research will analyse the issues regarding the HR-activities at Nestlà ©, Costs-Benefits of these activities for Nestlà © and for other organizations in general, and will probe that what are the issues which the other organizations working on same level and in same industry might face. The research will then provide the various recommendations and suggestions and limitations of the following research to help the future researcher to increase the effort in the following subject area.

Kant: Metaphysical Exposition of Space Essay -- Space Kant Philosophy

Kant: Metaphysical Exposition of Space Explain and asses what you think to be the best argument Kant gives as his â€Å"Metaphysical Exposition of Space† (B37-40) that space cannot be either and actual entity (Newtonian concept) or any independent relation among real things (Leibnizian concepti be on). In other words, is he successful in arguing that space must be (at least) a form of intuition? Do any of his arguments further show that space must be ONLY a form of intuition and not ALSO something Newtonian or Leibnizian? In his Metaphysical Exposition of Space, Kant attempts to show that the experience of space is just a form of intuition. Kant defines space as that of which we sense out side of us, in comparison to our mind, which is our inner sense. This outer sense of space, he claims, is known only to us because we have a intuitive sense of there being space in the first place. Kant asserts this argument in direct response to two other claims about the nature of space. The Newtonian concept of space holds that space is an entity existing in its own right, with objects merely being in it. The Leibnizian concept of space however holds the opposite, space doesn’t really exist and is just a relation created between existing objects. Kant believes both concepts are wrong and claims that to first know about objects in space, we must have some deeper knowledge of space to put them in space. He further tries to claim that space is only a form of intuition and not just the foundation to support eit her of the other two concepts. Kant presents some strong points showing the faults in the other concepts and provides a reason alternative to what makes the nature of space. However his concept too, that space is known only through intuition, also isn’t as strong as it should be. It appears that space may be known through intuition from an individual perspective, but on closer investigation, taking in all forms of life and evolution, where did this pre wired intuition of space have its start? Kant’s concept of space seems to be well grounded in some areas and not in others. Kant’s definition of space helps him prove that the concept of space is a form of intuition. Space, he holds, is everything that is sensed outside of us. The mind is the inner sense and everything else is in space. We then represent objects in that space, where they are interpreted as having s... ... our senses where telling us by putting them into the concept of space, why would we evolve senses at all? Surely we wouldn’t have eyes and ears ect. If we evolved not needing or using them. So does every animal that has the same sensors as us have the same intuition of space as we do? This idea seems to be begging the question ‘what came first the intuition of space, or the senses and the ability to perceive it? For one seems to be seems to be surely useless with out the other. Kant’s concept seems to work if we just look at a snap shot of the world functioning today, however it does not satisfy how the world got to be the way it is. Perhaps this is not goal he was wanting to achieve, but for his concept to hold these questions of evolution need to be answered. Kant’s claims show the faults in past concepts, however his concepts is not total solid yet either. Kant resolves some issues, but then raises some more. It seems now that we can’t take for granted what we all assume that we learn about space through experience, and it seems too that space exists in its own right. Kant seems to make this clear, he does not however clearly prove that space is known by intuition alone.

Sap Swot

Use Porter’s â€Å"5 forces† model to analyze the attractiveness of the standardized business software industry and SAP’s strengths and weaknesses. ?Threats from competitors: differentiation protects a company from competitors when customers develop brand loyalty for its products. It is very costly and time consuming for a company to implement a new ERP system. One of the examples given by the case was Chevron, which spent over $100 million and 2 years installing and getting its R/3 system operating effectively. Therefore, once customer implements SAP software for the company, it rarely changes to another competitors’ product. Power suppliers: powerful suppliers become less of a problem because the differentiated company’s strategy is directed toward the premium price it can charge and it can often pay along price increases to loyal customers. For a software company like SAP, there aren’t many suppliers except database and consultants. SAP ma de the wrong decision of outsourcing both at the early stage of its business. As a result, they lost first-hand knowledge of its customers’ emerging problems and an understanding of the changing needs of its customers.In the 1980s, SAP did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s database management software. This had repercussions later when Oracle began to catch up technically and develop its own ERP software platform in the 2000s. ?Power buyers: differentiators are unlikely to experience problems with powerful buyers because they offer a distinctive product that commends brand loyalty. SAP focused on the largest multinational companies with revenues of at least $2. 5 billion because these companies would reap the biggest cost savings there.These companies are willing to pay the premium price as they believe the saving in time and costs outweigh the cost of implementing SAP ERP system. ?Substitut e products: substitute products are only a threat if a competitor can develop a product that satisfies a customer need similar to the need met by the differentiator’s product. In this case, SAP had faced this challenge in the 1990s when its competitors, such as Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Marcum were catching up technically and focused their resources on the needs of one or a few industries, or a particular kind of ERP module. New entrants: a new company must find way to make its product distinctive enough to be able to compete, which involves an expensive investment in building some type of distinctive competence. Although only a few global organizations have the resources to compete with SAP, the new entrants threats are still very high in the software industry as technology development and innovation by others could make SAP become obsolete one day. Sap Swot Use Porter’s â€Å"5 forces† model to analyze the attractiveness of the standardized business software industry and SAP’s strengths and weaknesses. ?Threats from competitors: differentiation protects a company from competitors when customers develop brand loyalty for its products. It is very costly and time consuming for a company to implement a new ERP system. One of the examples given by the case was Chevron, which spent over $100 million and 2 years installing and getting its R/3 system operating effectively. Therefore, once customer implements SAP software for the company, it rarely changes to another competitors’ product. Power suppliers: powerful suppliers become less of a problem because the differentiated company’s strategy is directed toward the premium price it can charge and it can often pay along price increases to loyal customers. For a software company like SAP, there aren’t many suppliers except database and consultants. SAP ma de the wrong decision of outsourcing both at the early stage of its business. As a result, they lost first-hand knowledge of its customers’ emerging problems and an understanding of the changing needs of its customers.In the 1980s, SAP did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s database management software. This had repercussions later when Oracle began to catch up technically and develop its own ERP software platform in the 2000s. ?Power buyers: differentiators are unlikely to experience problems with powerful buyers because they offer a distinctive product that commends brand loyalty. SAP focused on the largest multinational companies with revenues of at least $2. 5 billion because these companies would reap the biggest cost savings there.These companies are willing to pay the premium price as they believe the saving in time and costs outweigh the cost of implementing SAP ERP system. ?Substitut e products: substitute products are only a threat if a competitor can develop a product that satisfies a customer need similar to the need met by the differentiator’s product. In this case, SAP had faced this challenge in the 1990s when its competitors, such as Oracle, Baan, PeopleSoft, and Marcum were catching up technically and focused their resources on the needs of one or a few industries, or a particular kind of ERP module. New entrants: a new company must find way to make its product distinctive enough to be able to compete, which involves an expensive investment in building some type of distinctive competence. Although only a few global organizations have the resources to compete with SAP, the new entrants threats are still very high in the software industry as technology development and innovation by others could make SAP become obsolete one day.

Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal Essay - 1938 Words

Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics: 1) Bioterrorism/Disaster 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher: Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: Time Allotted: 30 minutes Location of Teaching: St. George’s Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: Projector, Computer, Screen, Powerpoint Presentation Estimated Cost: For this particular presentation, materials such as projector, screen, and necessary wiring were provided by church Computer – already in personal possession Cost: $0†¦show more content†¦Include the appropriate objective number and rationale for using the selected HP2020 objective (use at least one objective from one of the 24 focus areas). If an HP2020 objective does not support your teaching, explain how your teaching applies to one of the two overarching HP2020 goals. My teaching on primary prevention of type II diabetes adheres to HP2020 objectives D-1 to D-16 on diabetes, specifically objective D-1 that deals with reducing the annual number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes in the population. (Target is a 10% improvement from the baseline of 8.0 new cases of diabetes per 1,000 population aged 18 to 84 years occurred in the past 12 months to the target of 7.2 new cases per 1,000 population aged 18 to 84 years). Education on the preventive measures needed to be taken by an at-risk population tackles this issue of reducing the annual number of cases. How Does This HP2020 Objective Relate to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global Initiatives (See page 116 in the textbook)? This HP2020 Objective relates to the Alma Ata’s Declaration Health for All Global Initiatives by backing the goal of increasing healthy life expectancy. 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