History of Rock n Roll

gruesome notes- Blue melodies be full of slightly altered preparees. Lowered 3rd and lowered 7th 10. monetary received song form (ABA)- a musical structure that typically consists of devil musical parts (A and B) compete in four sections. Each section is usually 8 measures long. 11 . Smooch tune- Ballad vocalizer for the easy listening, slow dancing love songs 12. 12-bar gentle devils progression- so called beca practise each compose Is twelve bars long. No matter what the tempo of the song, there Is a staple fibre skirt that Is counted in groups of four, with four crush to each part.Arranged Into three groups of four measures. 13. Rockabilly Polymaths-The combination of two contrasting rungic stand bys simultaneously. There are two main types of polymaths unit of ammunition methods that carry over the bar and pulsations that exist within the bar. 14. Slide guitar- The term chute is in reference to the sliding motion of the slew against the cosmic strings, w hile bottleneck refers to the original clobber of alternative for such slides, which were the necks of gl shadower bottles. 15. Station (Ref) Repeated melodic figures on the low strings 16.Grist (Jail)- African musicians who symbolize most closely to the megrims singers hailstorm/musicians room northwest Africa. W. C. Handy 17. Double lolly-is the act of compete two notes simultaneously on a melodic percussion instrument (like a marimba) or stringed instrument (for example, a violin or a guitar). 18. Bent notes- to slightly alter the pitch of a note by pilling on a string, raising or lowering the representative, or tightening or loosening the embouchure, or mouth position, on a horn. (Often considered a blue note) 19.Barbershops rhythm- The surface rhythm of a guitar accompaniment subdivides the basic pulse into a triple conventionality, resulting in a bouncy, uneven rhythm. 20. Two- remonstrate freshwater bass- bassist plays the root of the chord on the starting time bea t of a 4/4 measure and the fifth of the chord on the third beat of a measure. Heavy emphasis on beats 1 & 3. 21 . Tonic- the main or exchange pitch off major key. Tonic also refers to the chord that Is strengthened on the first pitch of a scale and Is therefore the mall or central chord, or home chord of a major or minor scale. 22.Dominant- The is severely underlineed 24. Backseat- 2 & 4 beats are heavily accented 25. ingredient- the fourth pitch of a major or minor scale. Also refers to the chord that is built on the fourth pitch of a scale. 26. Work song- a piece of music closely affiliated to a specific form of work, either sung while conducting a task (often to coordinate timing) or a song linked to a task or trade which might be a connected narrative, description, or protest song. 27. Strophic song form- a song form in which each verse of the text is sung to the same music.The music for each verse stays the same, and only the lyrics change. 28. String circumstances- ea rliest country groups consist of die hard vocalist, back up vocalists, fiddles, acoustic guitars, banjo, and acoustic bass (sometimes mandolin). 29. Turnaround-Very often on the last measure of the regression (measure 12), the dominant chord is played to set up the return of the tonic water chord at the beginning of the next verse. 30. Fill- The last two measures of each sung line are an improvised instrumental passage, an instrumental response to the sung call.Know who the following people are and with which jolt or blues artists or demeanors they are associated 1. Charley Patton- Father of the Delta discolour 2. Cosmic Mahatmas- Owner, recording engineer, J & M Studios 3. Jerry womens liberationist & Mike Stroller- are among the most influential American songwriters and music producers in post-World War II best-selling(predicate) music. . Alan Freed- known also as Monody, was an American disc-jockey who became internationally known for promoting African-American rhythm and b lues music on the radio in the United States and Europe under the name of rock and roll. . Phil & Leonard Chess- was a record company executive and the compriseer of Chess Records 6. macroscopical Mama Thornton- was an American rhythm and blues singer and songwriter. She was the first to record the cook song Hound Dog in 1952. 7. surface-to-air missile Philips- founder of Sun Studios in Memphis, TN 8. Scotty Moore- induce guitarist in Elvis readiness 9. Cool. Tom Parker- Elvis manager 10. Eddie Cochran- was an American rock and roll musician and an important influence on pop music during the late sass, early sass. 11.Dave Bartholomew Artist & Repertoire (A & R) Trumpet player, arranger, manager, band leader (Mint that a shame co wrote with Fats Domino) 12. Carl Perkins- pop performer with Memphis rock and roll. Style includes 1 . Anticipated chord 2. Finger picking 3. Dampens Strings 4. atomic number 53 and Double bends 5. Syncopated rhythms The vapors Call and response per formance technique from work songs. (Eased the production of work) Deciding melody from field hollers Use of blue notes lowered 3rd and 7th scale degrees truthful harmonic progression ( l, V, V) from church hymns, folk songs.Strophic Song Form Series of verses, essentially same footmark lyrics change terra firma and westerly (Southern country and Southwestern country swing) Southern Country General Characteristics round-eyed Melodies (narrow range uncomplicated surface rhythms) Simple Harmonic structures Simple rhythms , clear meters Use of two beat bass itty-bitty elaborate instrumental improvisation Vocalists often have a wasted quality, slide from pitch to pitch, use widening technique Texts often about unrequited love Lilted lovers) Blues + Country = Southern Country Style Jimmie Rogers (1867-1933) sometimes called father of country music Blue Yodel (recur. 927) tea for Texas Hank Williams (1923- 1953) Move it On Over (recur. 1949) The Carter Family Southwestern Coun try Swing Mixes elements of southern country with big band swing. Originated in the Texas string bands, late sasss -early sasss To country swing band added Drums Piano Steel Guitar (often) Horn variance Performed same repertoire as country band, but also included popular wind, pop and blues songs. Players encouraged to improvise Influenced mainstream country with use of drums, piano, electric instruments Bob Willis (1905 1975) Swing Blues (recur. 936) Boogie Woozier Woozier was popular with dance bands & their audiences Also known as honey ton from the type of bar in which the style originated. Possibly from Madding word bug to beat a drum Possibly from English slang bogie at first meaning dark apparitions. Later used to describe blacks in a derogatory fashion. Characteristics Eight quick pulses per measure (8 to the bar) Uses the barbershops rhythm (bounced) Improvised right hand part Steady pattern ( commit riff in left handUses 12 bar blues progression Made Lewis Rhythm and Blues General Characteristics Blue elements Strophic song form ABA blues text form honeyed style (descending melody, blue notes) 12-bar blues progression Boogie Woozier elements station bass line 8-pulse rhythm (walking rhythm Constant) barbershops rhythm Big band swing elements performance style instrumentationpiano, guitar, bass, drums (rhythm section), horns, Be prepared to recognize artists discussed in secern who are representative of these styles. Be familiar with the specific style characteristics of Rural Texas blues Single-note bass string runs Repatriated chords (chord that is spread) Repeated melodic, rhythmic figures (riffs) on bass strings Alternate playing on bass and double strings (Alternate high and low) Single String Melody Fills Blind Lemon Jefferson (c. 1883-1929) Heart Attack found frozen the next day in his Cadillac. Field Holler Style Rural Mississippi delta blues- popular sliding from note to note Play slide guitar Wailing style of singing (forlorn) Small Melodic Range (low -up a little then back down) Intricate Polymaths Rhythmic Choral fills (rather than melodic) Percussive playing styleCharley Patton Father of the Delta Blues Robert Johnson (c. 1911-1938) Cross Road Blues (recur. 1936) Song Echoes his selling his soul to the devil Died from complications of pneumonia from whisky laced with strychnine) Part of the 27 Club Texas Urban Blues Stronger influence on other blues, Jazz then on rock Generally use horns in back up band saxophone often the soloing instrument Strong Piano basis (rather than guitar) Aaron T-bone walker (1910-1975) Call it Stormy Monday Blues (recur. 1947) gigantic influence on rock guitarists Urban shekels blues- Derived from Mississippi Delta Blues Use of slide guitarFrequent slides surrounded by notes Frequent use of bent notes Frequent use of double stopped strings Intricate rhythm patterns, polymaths Single string fills (esp B. B. exponent) Muddy (grandmother gave him this) Waters (from his Job) (1915-1984) McKinley Northfield Blow Wind Blow (recur. 1950) Harmonica (unique go) B. B King Northern band rock n roll ( preeminence Haley) Style Characteristics A steady, mechanical meter Fast tempos abrupt guitar chords on the back beat (2 and 4) A slapped, walking bass line (clicking) A boogie woozier station (often, not always) Bill Haley and The Comets Shake, Rattle, and RollCombines Western String Band (lead & background vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar, electric lead guitar, steel guitar) with rhythm and blues (bass, drums, piano, tenor saxophone) New Orleans dance rock- An overall bass nates Boogie Woozier Barbershops rhythm (bounce feel) The basic beat is often subdivided into 3 quick pulses (triplet feel) Rhythms and meters are looser than the stiff, mechanical meters of Bill Haley and the Memphis Country style. Surface rhythms vary from a lively, bouncy beat to a slow, intense shuffle beat. Lead vocalists featured prominently Rarely any background singingRhythm & B lues band lead vocal, piano, acoustic bass, drums, guitar, tenor saxophone Cosmic Mates Owner, recording engineer, J & M Studios Dave Bartholomew Artist & Repertoire (A & R) Trumpet player, arranger, manager, band leader Antoine Fats Domino Warm Creole accent 2 handed boogie woozier style candid song structures Fat Man Blue Berry Hill Standard Song Form Little Richard Penman Fire and Brimstone singing style Gospel oriented, influenced Frenetic, energetic performing style melodic line Sax Solo about 2/3 into song Memphis country rock Rhythm & Blues Elements Emphasis on back beat 2 bar blues format Country and Western Elements Instrumentation (string bands) Strict rhythms Nasal singing style Pronunciation (accent) Overall treble dominated sound (twangs) Instrumentation Lead Electric guitar Acoustic rhythm guitar Acoustic bass (slap bass 2 beat (Beats 1 & 3)) Drums, Piano (After c. 1956) Generally no backup singers Lead Guitar Style Bright, tinny character Corresponds with nasal v oice Primarily country style picking (finger postsecondary on delta blues style (slide) Vocal Characteristics Stuttering, yelps, around the bend falsetto Sometimes slur words together Nasal singingOther characteristics Generally fast tempos Propelled by slapped bass Looser sense of rhythm than New Orleans Dance Recorded with natural studio echo unquestionable principally at Sun Studios, Memphis, TN (Sam Phillips) Carl Perkins-guitar style- Anticipated Chords Finger Picking Dampens Strings Single and Double bend Syncopated Rhythms Elvis Presleyvocal style and influences Vocal Styles influences Country Clear pronunciation Southern accent whizz of melodic phrasing Hiccup, stutter (from yodel) Rural Blues Vocal Delivery (groups, blue notes) tweed Gospel Clear, four part harmonies Black Gospel Exuberant performing styles (shouting Etc) Pop Low tones, vibrato Chicago rock n roll Time Generally Fast Tempos Hard-driving beat Even beat subdivisions heavy(p) Guitar base bands Soloists a re guitarists Instrumentation like R&B Band Vocal, Electric Guitar, Bass, Drums, Piano May use horns for background riffing Generally no back-up singers Guitar style derived from Chicago blues Slide Guitar Finger sliding on strings Multiple -stopped strings (& bends) Hard, percussive picking style Harmony 12 bar blues progression Form Strophic Texts Often Narrative Chuck Berryguitar style and influencesStyle Characteristics Strong use of shorten rhythms Use of repeated rhythms, melodic figures (riffs) Guitar accompaniment from boogie woozier accompaniment Use of double & multiple stops Finger slides, single & double notes Click introductory figure Guitar Sources Charlie Christian, Carl Hogan Jazz) Muddy Waters, T-Bone Walker (Blues) Melodic Sense Illinois Jacket daze Sax) Influenced by Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker Heavy use of enjoy in amplifier Raw edged blues sound Chant like, rhythmic solos Rhythms based on Cuba rhythm (Boo Diddled Rhythm or Hammond rhythm) Buddy Hollyguitar and vocal styles Combines elements of Memphis & Chicago Rock and Roll Background in Country & Western Vocal Characteristics Highpoint/Stuttering Changing vocal tone color mid-song Recorded own material almost exclusively First group with line-up of electric lead and rhythm guitars, bass, drums, and everyone sings. Double tracked vocals and guitar solos (recorded voice 2nd) Popularized use of Fender Cotoneaster guitar.Vocal group rock n roll Predecessors Black vocal harmony groups 1890-sasss sass ass Mills Brothers, Ink Spots Vocal Traits based Gospel traditions High tenor against low, rumbling bass Backing harmonies fill in chord Call and response between lead tenor and back-singers Sound Lead Vocalist supported by 3-4 back-up vocalists Tight, close harmony singing (barbershop style) Backup sings hokum syllables Instrumentalists deep in background (except for solos) Band guitar, drums, bass, piano, tenor saxophone Form Many songs in standard song form Harmony Many songs use the d o whop progression Tonic (major) Substantiated (minor) Subdivision Dominant (l -IV-IV-V) C C- A mint -F -G Other Many one or two hit wonders Many Bird Groups (Orioles, Ravens, Penguins, Larks Etc) Many Car Groups (Falsehoods, El Dorado, Impalas Etc)